Security Configuration Guide

Password Requirements
- Minimum Length: 12 characters minimum
- Complexity Requirements: Mix of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and special characters
- Password History: Prevent reuse of last 12 passwords
- Password Expiration: Require change every 90 days for privileged accounts
- Account Lockout: Lock account after 5 failed attempts for 30 minutes

Password Management
- Secure Storage: Use bcrypt or Argon2 for password hashing
- Salt Generation: Use cryptographically secure random salts
- Pepper Implementation: Consider application-wide pepper
- Password Reset: Secure password reset process with time-limited tokens
- Password Strength Meter: Provide real-time feedback during password creation

MFA Implementation
- TOTP (Time-based One-Time Password): Support for authenticator apps
- SMS Authentication: SMS-based verification (with security considerations)
- Email Verification: Email-based second factor
- Hardware Tokens: Support for FIDO2/WebAuthn
- Backup Codes: Provide backup authentication codes

MFA Configuration
- Mandatory MFA: Require for administrative accounts
- Optional MFA: Available for all user accounts
- MFA Bypass: Secure bypass procedures for emergencies
- Device Management: Manage trusted devices
- Recovery Process: Secure account recovery procedures

SSO Integration
- SAML 2.0: Support for SAML-based SSO
- OAuth 2.0: OAuth integration support
- OpenID Connect: OIDC protocol support
- Active Directory: AD integration capabilities
- Custom Providers: Support for custom identity providers

SSO Configuration
- Identity Provider Setup: Configure IdP settings
- Attribute Mapping: Map user attributes correctly
- Group Mapping: Map groups and roles
- Certificate Management: Manage SSL certificates
- Logout Configuration: Configure single logout

Role Configuration
- Predefined Roles: System-defined roles with specific permissions
- Custom Roles: Create custom roles for specific needs
- Role Hierarchy: Implement role inheritance
- Permission Granularity: Fine-grained permission control
- Dynamic Permissions: Support for conditional permissions

Access Control Lists (ACL)
- Resource-Level ACL: Control access to specific resources
- User-Level ACL: Individual user permissions
- Group-Level ACL: Group-based permissions
- Time-Based ACL: Time-restricted access
- Geographic ACL: Location-based access control

API Authentication
- API Keys: Secure API key generation and management
- JWT Tokens: JSON Web Token implementation
- OAuth 2.0: OAuth for API authentication
- API Rate Limiting: Prevent abuse and DoS attacks
- API Versioning: Secure API version management

API Authorization
- Scope-Based Access: OAuth scopes for API access
- Resource-Level Permissions: Fine-grained API permissions
- User-Level Permissions: Individual API permissions
- Group Permissions: Group-based API access
- Time-Based Permissions: Time-restricted API access

Data at Rest
- Database Encryption: Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
- File System Encryption: Encrypt sensitive files
- Backup Encryption: Encrypt backup data
- Key Management: Secure key storage and rotation
- Encryption Standards: Use AES-256 or stronger

Data in Transit
- TLS/SSL: Enforce HTTPS for all communications
- Certificate Management: Proper SSL certificate management
- Perfect Forward Secrecy: Implement PFS for TLS
- HSTS: HTTP Strict Transport Security
- Certificate Pinning: Implement certificate pinning for mobile apps

Data Classification
- Public Data: Information that can be made public
- Internal Data: Internal use only
- Confidential Data: Sensitive business information
- Restricted Data: Highly sensitive data
- Personal Data: Personally identifiable information (PII)

Data Handling
- Data Minimization: Collect only necessary data
- Purpose Limitation: Use data only for stated purposes
- Data Retention: Define retention periods
- Data Deletion: Secure deletion procedures
- Data Portability: Support data export functionality

Network Segmentation
- DMZ Configuration: Demilitarized zone for public services
- Internal Networks: Segregate internal networks
- Database Network: Isolate database servers
- Management Network: Separate management interfaces
- Guest Networks: Isolate guest access

Firewall Rules
- Default Deny: Deny all traffic by default
- Least Privilege: Allow only necessary traffic
- Rule Documentation: Document all firewall rules
- Regular Review: Review rules periodically
- Change Management: Track firewall changes

IDS/IPS Configuration
- Signature-Based Detection: Known attack patterns
- Anomaly Detection: Unusual behavior patterns
- Network-Based IDS: Monitor network traffic
- Host-Based IDS: Monitor system activities
- Real-Time Alerts: Immediate threat notifications

Security Monitoring
- Log Analysis: Analyze security logs
- Event Correlation: Correlate security events
- Threat Intelligence: Integrate threat feeds
- Incident Response: Automated response procedures

Input Validation
- Client-Side Validation: Basic input validation
- Server-Side Validation: Comprehensive validation
- Parameterized Queries: Prevent SQL injection
- Output Encoding: Prevent XSS attacks
- File Upload Security: Secure file handling

Authentication and Session Management
- Secure Session Tokens: Cryptographically secure tokens
- Session Timeout: Appropriate session timeouts
- Session Fixation: Prevent session fixation attacks
- Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): CSRF protection
- Clickjacking Protection: Prevent clickjacking attacks

Common Vulnerabilities
- SQL Injection: Prevent database injection
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Prevent script injection
- Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): Prevent CSRF attacks
- Insecure Direct Object References: Secure object references
- Security Misconfiguration: Proper security configuration

Security Headers
- Content Security Policy (CSP): Prevent XSS attacks
- X-Frame-Options: Prevent clickjacking
- X-Content-Type-Options: Prevent MIME sniffing
- Strict-Transport-Security: Enforce HTTPS
- X-XSS-Protection: Enable XSS protection

GDPR Compliance
- Data Protection: Implement data protection measures
- Privacy by Design: Build privacy into systems
- Data Subject Rights: Support user rights
- Data Breach Notification: Breach notification procedures
- Privacy Impact Assessments: Conduct PIAs

Other Regulations
- POPIA: Protection of Personal Information Act (South Africa)
- HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- SOX: Sarbanes-Oxley Act
- PCI DSS: Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard
- Industry Standards: Comply with industry-specific standards

Security Policies
- Information Security Policy: Overall security policy
- Access Control Policy: Access control procedures
- Data Classification Policy: Data handling procedures
- Incident Response Policy: Incident handling procedures
- Business Continuity Policy: Continuity procedures

Risk Management
- Risk Assessment: Regular risk assessments
- Risk Mitigation: Implement risk controls
- Risk Monitoring: Monitor risk levels
- Risk Reporting: Report risk status
- Risk Treatment: Treat identified risks

Incident Classification
- Critical: Immediate business impact
- High: Significant business impact
- Medium: Moderate business impact
- Low: Minor business impact
- Informational: No immediate impact

Response Procedures
- Incident Detection: Detect security incidents
- Incident Analysis: Analyze incident scope
- Incident Containment: Contain the incident
- Incident Eradication: Remove the threat
- Incident Recovery: Restore normal operations

Evidence Collection
- Log Preservation: Preserve system logs
- Network Traffic: Capture network data
- System Images: Create system images
- Memory Dumps: Capture memory contents
- Chain of Custody: Maintain evidence integrity

Investigation Process
- Timeline Creation: Create incident timeline
- Root Cause Analysis: Determine root cause
- Impact Assessment: Assess business impact
- Lessons Learned: Document lessons learned
- Process Improvement: Improve response processes

Vulnerability Assessment
- Vulnerability Scanners: Automated vulnerability detection
- Penetration Testing: Manual security testing
- Code Analysis: Static and dynamic code analysis
- Configuration Assessment: Security configuration review
- Compliance Scanning: Compliance assessment tools

Security Operations
- SIEM Systems: Security Information and Event Management
- SOAR Platforms: Security Orchestration, Automation and Response
- Threat Intelligence: Threat intelligence platforms
- Incident Management: Incident management systems
- Security Analytics: Security analytics platforms

Zero Trust Architecture
- Identity Verification: Verify all users
- Device Verification: Verify all devices
- Network Segmentation: Micro-segmentation
- Least Privilege: Minimal access permissions
- Continuous Monitoring: Monitor all activities

Cloud Security
- Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB): Cloud security gateway
- Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM): Cloud configuration security
- Cloud Workload Protection: Protect cloud workloads
- Container Security: Secure containerized applications
- Serverless Security: Secure serverless functions

Employee Training
- Security Awareness: Regular security training
- Phishing Simulation: Test phishing awareness
- Role-Based Training: Training for specific roles
- Security Updates: Keep staff informed
- Security Champions: Security advocate program

Security Communication
- Security Bulletins: Regular security updates
- Incident Communication: Communicate incidents
- Policy Updates: Communicate policy changes
- Best Practice Sharing: Share security practices
- Feedback Channels: Provide feedback mechanisms

Security Metrics
- Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Security performance metrics
- Key Risk Indicators (KRIs): Risk level indicators
- Security Posture: Overall security assessment
- Maturity Assessment: Security maturity level
- Benchmarking: Compare with industry standards

Security Reviews
- Regular Assessments: Periodic security reviews
- Penetration Testing: Regular penetration tests
- Audit Reviews: Internal and external audits
- Policy Reviews: Regular policy updates
- Technology Updates: Keep security technology current