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Surface Water/Stormwater Monitoring
There is a total of seventeen routine (17) sampling sites along watercourses associated with KSIA.
Samplings must be done from the natural watercourses, as well as at the storm water outflow. There are
eight (8) reactive sites which aim at determining the nature and source of pollution identified during routine
monitoring. These can be used for sampling during emergency situations such as spillages, incidents etc.
The site also has six (6) routine monitoring sites established for monitoring the water leaving the car rental
depots. Moreover, KSIA operates a waste water treatment facility, where there is an existing discharge
point where treated effluent is discharged into the environment. The seventeen routine (17) sampling sites
need to be monitored monthly.
The table below shows the details of the routine sampling points.
Site ID Description Latitude Longitude
(WGS84) (WGS84)
Natural Watercourse Monitoring Points
SW-A01 Northern Outfall in the Hlawe River sub catchment -29.595300° 31.127300°
SW-A02 Hlawe River downstream of the trade zone confluence -29.591960° 31.118100°
SW-A04 Hlawe River upstream of the trade zone confluence -29.601940° 31.103938°
SW-A05 Downstream of chainage 1736 -29.605244° 31.105958°
SW-A06 Tributary of the Hlawe draining ACSA property and -29.606301° 31.100221°
support zone
SW-A07 Hlawe River downstream of the Fuel Storage Depot -29.612569° 31.088066°
SW-A08 Tributary draining ACSA property and support zone -29.628352° 31.087541°
SW-A09 Downstream of fuel pipeline, KSIA and support zone -29.624110° 31.090323°
SW-A10 Downstream of fuel pipeline, KSIA and support zone -29.622144° 31.095264°
SW-A11 Upstream of Lake Victoria wetland -29.630193° 31.088557°
SW-A12 Watercourse draining KSIA, support zone and runway -29.626253° 31.101726°
SW-A13 Upstream of Froggy Pond wetland -29.633343° 31.094058°
SW-A14 Sub catchment draining to Froggy Pond wetland -29.638789° 31.097509°
Car Rental Depot Monitoring Points
SW- C01 Car Rental Depots- Europcar -29.610492° 31.107760°
SW- C02 Car Rental Depot- First and Hertz -29.611288° 31.108558°
SW- C03 Car Rental Depot- Bidvest -29.614958° 31.105483°
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SW- Car Rental Depot- Avis - Budget -29.614481° 31.104593°
C04/
C05/C06
Additional surface water/stormwater sampling points:
One (1) - Northen Attenuation Pond
One (1) - Upstream of Southern Waste Water Treatment Works (SWWTW)
Sampling and field data collection
Surface water sampling is to be conducted on routine sites monthly. All field work conducted is based
on the updated protocol, specifications and code of practice contained in the SABS International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) 5667:1-15. These standards address all aspects of the
programme design, sampling methods as well as sample preservation.
For quality purposes and as a minimum, sampling is undertaken in accordance with the following
publications:
ISO 5667–1: 2008 Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programs and sampling techniques;
ISO 5667-3: 2012 Part 3: Guidance on preservation and handling of samples;
ISO 5667-6: 2014 Part 6: Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams; and
SABS ISO 5667: 2009 Part 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwater.
DWAF Best Practice Guidelines Series G3: General Guidelines for Water Monitoring Systems.
Certain sampling procedures need to be followed to ensure that correct and representative samples are
collected. Suitable vessels (glass, plastic and sterilised) as provided or acceptable by the laboratory prior
to each sampling event must be used.
If water is present at the site, samples must be taken according to the following procedure as a minimum:
The sample vessel is selected based on the determinant being tested and rinsed with water from the
source.
Surface water samples are collected from just below the surface, avoiding any surface scum and
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debris. When taking the sample directly into the sample vessel, the sampler must face upstream
and collect the sample without disturbing the bottom sediments. When the sample point cannot be
accessed, the sample can be taken using a bailer or a bucket attached to a long rope.
In order to minimise the presence of air bubbles in the sample, excessive turbulence is avoided
when filling the bottle. Stagnant water is avoided where possible. The cap is tightly closed to avoid
leakage.
In situ field measurements are taken for each sample using a multi-parameter probe. The pH,
Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and temperature measurements are
recorded at all sites whilst Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is measured at specified sites only.
Samples are kept below 4oC in a dark container and submitted to a South African National
Accreditation System (SANAS) accredited laboratory for analysis as soon as possible, preferably
within 48 hours of sampling. Shorter holding times are required for microbiological analyses.
Water Quality Guidelines and Determinants
The water quality results for the natural watercourses should be compared to the relevant water
standards including but not limited to DWAF 1998 Aquatic Ecosystem and Domestic Use Guidelines as
well as the DWAF General Limit Values (GLVs) as set out in Section 39 of the National Water Act, 1998.
GLVs provide a means for discussing potential wastewater runoff qualities. None of the receiving water
resources are ‘listed water resources’ as defined by the Act and the discharge is not considered a
‘Complex Industrial Wastewater’, therefore the GLVs are considered applicable for the potential
wastewater that may be produced by the site.
The car rental depots’ water quality must be compared to the General Value Limits (GLVs) as well as
the Special Limit Values (SLVs) as specified in the EA or as required by the latest applicable regulations.
However, the SLVs are considered to be too stringent for car rental depots, as they should only apply
for discharge into a ‘Listed Water Resource’. The service provider will be required to formally motivate
and request for the car rental depots water quality to be measured against GLVs only to the relevant
department.
Sampling of the water quality determinants involves collecting a water sample for subsequent laboratory
analysis. The sample sites need to be tested for the parameters as detailed in table below.
The WUL stipulates water monitoring parameters that must be assessed. The table below indicates the
water quality parameters relevant for sampling
Variable
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Temperature (C)
pH
Electrical Conductivity
Suspended Solids (SS) mg/l)
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (mg/l)
Turbidity (NTU)
Ammonia (ug/l)
The service provider will be required to conduct an annual once-off full spectrum full analysis which should
be analysed to ensure that historical parameters of concern are not in exceedance. The variables to be
tested in the full chemistry suite analysis are indicated in the table below.
Variable Unit
Turbidity NTU
pH
EC
TDS (0.7μm) @ 105oC mg/l
Dissolved Oxygen %
Hexavalent Chromium mg/l
Orthophosphate (Total Reactive Phosphorous or PO4) mg/l
Orthophosphate as P mg/l
Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l as O2
Chemical oxygen demand mg/l as O2
Oil and Grease mg/l
Mercury mg/l
Ammonia mg/l
Ammonia as N mg/l
Total Coliforms CFU/100ml
Coli CFU/100ml
Chloride mg/l
Fluoride mg/l
Nitrite mg/l
Nitrate mg/l
Sulphate mg/l
Calcium mg/l
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Iron mg/l
Potassium mg/l
Magnesium mg/l
Sodium mg/l
Aluminum mg/l
Arsenic mg/l
Boron mg/l
Barium mg/l
Cadmium mg/l
Cobalt mg/l
Chromium mg/l
Copper mg/l
Manganese mg/l
Molybdenum mg/l
Nickel mg/l
Lead mg/l
Selenium mg/l
Zinc mg/l
Biomonitoring
The appointed service provider will be required to conduct an aquatic assessment to determine the
potential impacts on the receiving environments, i.e. Umdloti, Froggy Pond, and Tongaat/ Hlawe River.
The following must be done as a minimum:
Conduct the environmental impact assessment when required, to determine the effect of
environmental contamination.
Conduct biannual biomonitoring of the river quality.
Measure Benthic diatoms at the South Wastewater Treatment Works sampling point, and at the
outflow of the Froggy Pond.
Conduct river aquatic health measurement using the South African Scoring System Version 5
(SASS5 hereafter), based on invertebrate sampling.
Biannual monitoring of all species dependent on the Froggy Pond
Present the study to the relevant stakeholders as and when required.
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The scope of work and methodology should also focus on the below components:
In situ water quality variables;
Sediment analyses;
Integrated Habitat Assessment System (IHAS), Index of Habitat Integrity (IHI) and visual
assessment of impacts.
Aquatic invertebrate assessment (South African Scoring System vers. 5 [SASS5] Protocol);
Diatom analyses;
Frog monitoring using a Song Meter;
Fish Response Assessment Index (FRAI);
Barn Swallows and
Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing.
Chemical analyses.
The current monitoring network comprises 15 sample sites. The co-ordinates of these sites are provided
in the table below:
Monitoring network for the biomonitoring programme:
Site ID Description Latitude Longitude
(WGS84) (WGS84)
SW-A01 Northern Outfall in the Hlawe River sub catchment -29.595300° 31.127300°
SW-A02 Hlawe River downstream of the trade zone confluence -29.591960° 31.118100°
SW-A04 Hlawe River upstream of the trade zone confluence -29.601940° 31.103938°
SW-A05 Downstream of chainage 1736 -29.605244° 31.105958°
SW-A06 Tributary of the Hlawe draining ACSA property and -29.606301° 31.100221°
support
zone
SW-A07 Hlawe River downstream of the Fuel Storage Depot -29.612569° 31.088066°
SW-A08 Tributary draining ACSA property and support zone -29.628352° 31.087541°
SW-A09 Downstream of fuel pipeline, KSIA and support zone -29.624110° 31.090323°
SW-A10 Downstream of fuel pipeline, KSIA and support zone -29.622144° 31.095264°
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SW-A11 Upstream of Lake Victoria wetland -29.630193° 31.088557°
SW-A12 Watercourse draining KSIA, support zone and runway -29.626253° 31.101726°
SW-A13 Upstream of Froggy Pond wetland -29.633343° 31.094058°
SW-A14 Sub catchment draining to Froggy Pond wetland -29.638789° 31.097509°
H1 Hlawe river, 200 m South of M43, North of KSIA. -29.584457° 31.12658°
Ultimately discharge flows into the Tongati River
upstream.
H2 - 29.60257° 31.10264°
Right bank tributary of the Hlawe River north of KSIA.
Upstream of point H1 and downstream of the Dube Agri
Zone.
Frequency
The biomonitoring programme for the site needs to comprise of biannual biomonitoring assessment and
aquatic assessment.
Assessment type Site Monitoring procedure
Biannually Biannually
SW-A01 - Diatoms
SW-A02 SASS5, IHAS, Chemical WET Testing, Sediment
SW-A04 - Diatoms
SW-A05 - Diatoms
SW-A06 - Diatoms
SW-A07 - Diatoms
SW-A08 - Diatoms
SW-A09 - Diatoms
Biomonitoring
SW-A10 - Diatoms
SW-A11 SASS5, IHAS WET Testing
SW-A12 - Diatoms
SW-A13 SASS5, IHAS, Frog WET Testing
SW-A14 - Diatoms
Aquatic SW-A02 - Diatoms, IHI
SW-A11 - Diatoms, IHI
SW-A13 - Diatoms, IHI
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H1 - SASS5, Diatoms, FRAI, IHI, IHAS
H2 - SASS5, Diatoms, FRAI, IHI, IHAS
Additional biomonitoring sampling points:
The following sites are dry:
SW-A09
The service provider will be required to identify six (6) sampling points to replace the points.
Groundwater Monitoring
The purpose of groundwater monitoring is to provide KSIA with a mechanism to detect impacts in the
groundwater relating directly to leaks and spillages from fuel storage and fuel handling facilities, as well as
other sources of contamination. Noting the requirements of the issued WUL, KSIA therefore requires Six (6)
additional sampling points to be part of the groundwater monitoring network around the fuel network as well
as the planned water treatment package (refer to additional groundwater sampling points).
Boreholes along fuel areas must be sampled thrice in the period of 12 months (quarterly). Sampling is to be
done in the following ACSA fuel and effluent sensitive areas:
Jet A1 receiving fuel depot
The underground fuel pipeline
Forward fuel depot
ACSA refuelling station
Sasol garage
Wastewater treatment works
Car rental depots
Underground generators (new points might need to be added)
Potable water borehole at the Reservoir
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Some of the boreholes and soil vapour probes are already installed in the vicinity of the fuel storage and
handling facilities, their co-ordinates and positions are as shown below.
Table below is a summary of Groundwater Monitoring Boreholes Installed around the Receiving Depot
Location Borehole Borehole Coordinates (WGS84) Diameter of Piezometer Stick Depth of
Number Piezometer up above Ground Borehole X Y Reference
(mm) Level (m) (m) Elevation
(mMSL1)
D1 -8709 3277326 NS 90 - 27.00
D2 Destroyed 41.75
D3 -8848 3278145 NS 90 - 30.00
S1 -8482 3277371 NS 90 - 7.73
S2 -8844 3277074 NS 90 - 8.09
S3 -8692 3277348 NS 90 - 7.66
Receiving S4 -8667 3277379 NS 90 - 8.36
Fuel Depot
S5 -8630 3277428 NS 90 - 7.94
S6 -8816 3277559 NS 90 - 7.80
FFM1 Not installed
FFM2 -8720.41 3277443.43 97.18 63 0.45 8.16
FFM3 -8759.50 3277443.43 98.45 63 0.46 8.30
(1) - Reference Elevation – top of piezometer standpipe. NS – not surveyed
Fuel Pipeline
The portion of the fuel pipeline included in this sampling plan is a dual underground pipeline used to convey
fuel from the Jet A1 fuel receiving depot to the forward fuel depot with the positions of the groundwater
monitoring boreholes installed along this portion of the pipeline. The construction details of the boreholes are
summarized in table below.
Summary of Groundwater Monitoring Boreholes Installed along the Fuel Pipeline
Location Borehole Borehole Coordinates (WGS84) Piezometer Diameter of Depth of
Number Stick up Piezometer Borehole X Y Reference
above Ground (mm) (m) Elevation
(mMSL1) Level (m)
D4 -9100 3278181 NS - 90 31.61
D5 -9327 3278714 NS - 90 23.79
D6 -9817 3276637 NS - 90 12.95
S7 -8846 3277668 NS - 90 8.08
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S8 -8892 3278137 NS - 90 6.08
S9 -9264 3278186 NS - 90 8.40
FHL1 -8616.43 3277457.49 92.4 0.26 63 4.25
FHL2 -8808.86 3277700.98 92.15 0.38 63 20.12
FHL3 -8932.27 3277815.27 85.49 0.31 63 7.80
FHL4 -9021.26 277971.65 73.28 0.20 63 6.16
FHL5 -9042.67 3278017.95 70.78 0.43 63 8.04
Fuel FHL6 -9184.86 3278017.95 70.26 0.30 63 8.58
Pipeline
FHL7 -9258.17 3278187.91 64.27 0.34 63 4.50
FHL8 -9298.86 3278080.91 70.22 0.28 63 19.50
FHL9 -9465.27 3278118.16 81.17 0.26 63 17.00
FHL10 -9600.00 3278184.05 81.09 0.16 63 24.25
FHL11 -9700.34 3278267.89 80.75 0.27 63 18.14
FHL12 -9800.57 3278387.84 79.72 0.31 63 10.01
FHL13 -9925.52 3278374.64 80.24 0.28 63 12.20
(1) - Reference Elevation – top of piezometer standpipe. NS – not surveyed
Forward Fuel Depot (FFD) And Service Station
FFD facility includes an above ground fuel storage tank (AST), and an underground slop tank (UST). The
service station facility also includes 2 underground storage tanks (UST’s) for diesel and gasoline. The
construction details of the boreholes are summarized in the table below.
Summary of Groundwater Monitoring Boreholes and Soil Vapor Probes (SVP’s) Installed at Forward Fuel
Depot and Service Station
Location Installation Ref. Borehole Coordinates (WGS84) Piezometer Diameter of Depth of
Type Number Stick up Piezometer Borehole X Y Reference
above (mm) (m) Elevation
Ground (mMSL1)
Level (m)
Standpipe S11 -9906 3278481 NS - 90 7.83
Standpipe - 63
Down FFD1 9954.57 3278464.10 70.88 0.29 13.20
Gradient
Standpipe - of Forward
FFD2A 9941.44 3278497.70 66.52 0.32 63 8.04
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Fuel
Depot Standpipe - 9940.24 66.90 63
FFD2B 3278496.52 0.39 3.50
Standpipe - 3278501.83 63
FFD3 9916.43 67.07 0.15 4.30
Forward Standpipe FS1 110mm dia. Standpipe Sealed
Fuel Standpipe FS2 NS NS NS - 63 4.12
Depot
Standpipe FS3 NS NS NS - 63 3.95
Slops
Standpipe FS4 NS NS NS - 63 3.76
Tank
Standpipe 32
and Soil 16
Vapour Probe FS5 NS NS NS - 3.84
Standpipe 32
and Soil 16
Vapour Probe FS6 NS NS NS - 3.84
Forward Standpipe FS7 110mm dia. Standpipe Sealed
Fuel Standpipe and 32
Depot Soil Vapour 16 Service Probe
FS8 NS NS NS - 4.03
Standpipe FS9 110mm dia. Standpipe Sealed
Station
Area
Standpipe 32
and Soil 16
Vapour Probe FS10 NS NS NS - 3.89
Standpipe 32
and Soil 16
Vapour Probe FS11 NS NS NS - 3.69
Standpipe FS12 NS NS NS - 32 3.62
and Soil 16
Vapour Probe
(1) - Reference Elevation – top of piezometer standpipe. NS – not surveyed
The service provider will be required to reconstruct standpipes/boreholes that have collapsed.
Effluent Treatment Works
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